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Tyne Cot Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery and Memorial to the Missing is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery (CWGC) for the dead of World War I on the way out of Ypres on the Western Front. It is the largest Commonwealthforces cemetery in the world, for any war. The cemetery and its surrounding memorial are located outside Passchendale, near Zonnebeke in Belgium.
The name "Tyne Cot" is said to come from the Northumberland Riflemen, seeing a resemblance between the German forts at this site and typical Tyneside workers' houses (Tyne cradles). Tyne Cot CWGC Cemetery is located in a vast expanse in the landscape overlooking the surrounding countryside. As such, location was strategically important for both parties fighting in the area. The concrete shelters still standing in various parts of the cemetery were part of a fortified position of the German Flandern I Stellung, which played an important role in the area during the Battle of Passchendaele in 1917.
Tyne Cot Commonwealth War Graves cemeteries
On 4 October 1917, the area where Tyne Cot CWGC Cemetery now stands was captured by the 3rd Division of Australia and the New Zealand Division and two days later in a British War Cemetery. and Canadian started. The cemetery was captured by German forces on 13 April 1918 and finally liberated by Belgian forces on 28 September.
After the armistice in November 1918, the cemetery was largely expanded from its original 343 graves by the concentration of battlefield graves, smaller nearby cemeteries and from Langemark.
The cemetery grounds were allocated to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium, in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in defending and liberating Belgium during the war.
The sacrificial cross that marks many CWGC cemeteries was built on top of a German fort in the center of the cemetery, allegedly at the suggestion of King George V, who visited the cemetery in 1922 as the conclusion was approaching. The visit of the King, who is described in the poem of the king Pilgrimage, including a speech in which he said:
We can truly say that the entire circuit of the Earth is girded with the graves of our dead. In the course of my pilgrimage, I have often wondered if there may be more powerful defenders of peace on Earth through the years to come, than this massive crowd of silent witnesses to the desolation of war.
- King George V, May 11, 1922
The cemetery was designed by Sir Herbert Baker. The land on which the cemetery stands is the free gift in perpetuity of the Belgian people to those who are honored here.
Angel Falques in Passchendaele
Notable tombs
The cemetery has several notable tombs and monuments, including the tomb of Private James Peter Robertson (1883-1917), a Canadian awarded the Victory Cross for his courage in undertaking a machine gun location and rescuing two men under fire heavy. He was killed by rescuing the second of these men on November 6, 1917.
Two Australian Victory Cross recipients buried in the cemetery are Captain Clarence Smith Jeffries (1894-1917), and Sergeant Lewis McGee (1888-1917). Jeffries led an assault group and rushed one of the strong points into the First Battle of Passchendaele on October 12, 1917, capturing four machine guns and thirty-five prisoners, before executing his company again. forward. He was planning another attack when he was killed by an enemy gunner. On the same day, McGee, who had won his decoration eight days earlier at Broodseinde, died collecting an enemy box of pills in the same battle.
Also in Tyne Cot, behind the sacrificial cross that was built on top of an old German fort in the center of the cemetery, are 4 German tombs, buried next to the Commonwealth tombs. These tombs are of the men who were treated here after the battle, when the fort under the main cross was used as a place of relief for the wounded.
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Tyne Cot Memorial to the Missing
The stone wall surrounding the fa-el-Tyne Cot Memorial Cemetery to which it was lost, from several war tombs State Monument Commission along the Missing Western Front. The missing UK loses on the way out of Ypres are commemorated at the Menin Gate and the Tyne Cot Memorial. At the end of the Menin Gate in memory of the missing in Ypres, the builders discovered that it was not large enough to contain all the names as originally intended. An arbitrary cut-off date of 15 August 1917 is selected and the names of those who disappeared in the UK after that date were inscribed on the Tyne Cot memorial in its place. In addition, the New Zealand contingent of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission declined to have their names missing soldiers appearing on major monuments, choosing instead to have names listed near the appropriate battles. Tyne Cot was chosen as one of these places. Unlike other New Zealand monuments in its absence, the Tyne Cot New Zealand Memorial to the Missing is integrated into the largest Tyne Cot monument, forming a central apse on the main monument wall. The inscription reads: "Here are recorded the names of the officers and soldiers of New Zealand who fell in the Battle of Broodseinde and the First Battle of Passchendaele in October 1917, and the tombs are known only to God."
The monument contains the names of 33,783 soldiers from UK forces, plus another 1,176 New Zealanders. Three British Army Victoria Cross receivers are commemorated here:
· Lieutenant Colonel Philip de Bent (1891-1917)
· Corporal William Clamp (1891-1917)
· Private Ernest Seaman (1893-1918)
Other notable commemorations include:
· Lieutenant Allan Ivo Acer, first class English cricketer.
· Lieutenant David (Dai) Westacott, Welsh rugby international
· It was designed by Sir Herbert Baker, with sculptures by Josep Armitage and winner Ferran Blundstone, which is also a part of the Newfoundland National War Memorial
The memorial was presented on June 20, 1927 by Sir Gilbert Dyett.
